ARTIFICIAL PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Posted on May 20, 2010 by admin

Photosynthesis is a process of converting carbon dioxide into organic compounds, especially sugars, using the energy from sunlight. Photosynthesis occurs in plants, algae, and many species of bacteria. Photosynthetic organisms can create their own food.  The replication of the natural process of photosynthesis is the artificial photosynthesis. This involves splitting up of water into hydrogen and oxygen by using sunlight energy. It can also be defined as taking carbohydrates and oxygen from sunlight, water and carbon dioxide. The process that permits the half of the overall photosynthetic reaction is photo-oxidation. The photo-oxidation process releases hydrogen and oxygen ions and is responsible for separating the water molecules. The photo-oxidation process is also called as half reaction. The hydrogen and oxygen ions present are responsible to reduce the carbon dioxide into the fuel. The external catalyst is needed to react to and to absorb the photons. So there is a need to create an artificial plant type fuel source. The series of approaches can be used for artificial photosynthesis such as photo electrochemical cell and photo catalytic water splitting. The researchers are developing many catalysts for converting the sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into carbohydrates. Some of the advantages are that the solar energy can be immediately converted and can be used for transportation and also homes.

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ELECTRIC CARS

Posted on June 4, 2010 by admin

The car is one of the significant automobile used by the people. The increasing oil prices prevent the public from not using the cars. But their use is very important for transport purposes. And there is a need to control the greenhouse gas emissions. To satisfy these needs the electric cars are introduced. An electric car is an automobile which is propelled by the electric motors and it uses the electrical energy stored in the batteries or other power storage devices. The electric cars are very popular before internal combustion technology and mass production of gasoline vehicles get introduced. There are several benefits in electric cars. The electric cars have reduced greenhouse gas emissions, condensed urban air pollution because they do not emit harmful pollutants. They are less reliant on foreign oils. The electric cars are more expensive than conventional internal combustion engines. The government has established policies to overcome these difficulties and to promote the sales of the electric cars and to fund for the development of cost effective battery technology and their components. The electric cars produce no pollution so there will be clean air in the cities but the demand for electricity generation increases. Short-range battery electric vehicles can suggest the comfort, utility, and quickness.

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OPTICAL ANTENNAS

Posted on June 15, 2010 by admin

The antennas are the enabling technology in satellite communication, cellular phones and other devices that uses electromagnetic radiation. An optical antenna is a device that powerfully couples the energy of free-space radiation to a restrained area of sub wavelength size. Optical antennas are a solution to the mismatch between the small dimensions of nanometer scale devices and the length scale related with optical wavelengths. While antennas are pervasive in the radio wave and microwave system they are essentially uncharted at optical frequencies. Optical antennas can amplify signals by a million times or more using lasers to induce quantum tunneling. The optical antennas are using both top down approach and bottom up approach. The optical antennas are used to efficiently increase the quantum yield of the devices. An optical antenna focuses radiation to sub wavelength dimensions but it also cooperates with the system under exploration. This can be done by measuring the deflection of a cantilever with an attached particle. With this approach we can measure the field enhancement factor and also optimize the properties of the optical antennas in the iterative method. The optical antenna arrays can be used for increasing the efficiency of optoelectronic devices and biochemical sensors.

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PERVASIVE COMPUTING

Posted on June 27, 2010 by admin

The term pervasive or ubiquitous stands for existing everywhere. The ubiquitous computing is a model of human computer interaction. Here the information processing has been thoroughly integrated into everyday objects and activities. This technology is also called as pervasive computing. All models of pervasive computing share a visualization of economical, robust networked processing devices. This model is advancement from the desktop paradigm. It is based on embedding microprocessors in real time objects so that they can easily communicate information. The pervasive computing mainly depends on the wireless technologies, Internet and the advanced electronics. The pervasive computing devices are completely connected and they always exist.  The researchers create smart products for the communication. The products are connected to the Internet and they generate the data that is always available. This technology places challenges in many fields of computing science design and engineering, modeling and also in user interface design. The three basic forms for ubiquitous system devices are tabs, pads and boards. Three additional forms are dust, skin and clay. The tabs are the wearable centimeter sized devices. The pads are the hand-held decimeter sized devices. The boards are the meter sized interactive display devices. The practical application of pervasive computing is the replacement of old electric meters with smart meters.

 

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SWARM ROBOTICS

Posted on July 5, 2010 by admin

The robots play an important role in all the fields. The collections of robots are coordinated to form the multi robot systems and this approach is termed to be swarm robotics. The main activities of swarm robotics depend on the interaction between the robots and the interaction of robots with environment. The swarm robotics is mainly to analyze the design of robots, their physical body and also controlling behaviors. The major component is the communication between the members of the group. It is motivated by the emergent behavior called swarm intelligence. A large set of rules can be formed from the simple rules. Swarm robotics has a large number of robots and its advantage is its scalability because it uses only local communication. This technology is different from the normal distributed robotic systems. Video tracking is one of the tools for studying the swarm behavior. There are also other tracking methods. The ultrasonic position tracking system can also be used for researching needs. The two important factors are miniaturization and cost. It can be matched to responsibilities that require cheap designs. The swarm robotics techniques can also be used to realize new forms of interactive art. More research is needed to find the methodologies that allow us to design the swarm behavior.

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IMPORTANCE OF WIRELESS BROADBAND

Posted on November 19, 2011 by admin

Today’s world is completely depending on the internet usage. The internet gathers information all over the globe. Everyone can easily gather the details in their places itself. There are several networks are available for providing internet connection. The broadband internet connection provides fastest access to the internet. Nowadays, the cost of the broadband internet connection is become economical. The speed of the internet access is speedy, eminent and economical. This broadband internetis used by all the people in the world. In advance, the wireless service is introduced today, which uses radio waves to eliminate cables. These wireless broadband doesn’t require any cables for connections, thus the cost for the connection is economical. Using this wireless connection, fixed wireless broadbandand mobile broadband services are accessible. In the fixed wireless broadband, a fixed system setup in a specific location is required like home, office, college, etc… they can access the internet with the help of this fixed broadband internet. The usual type of fixed broadband internet is wifi. Another type of broadband internet is wireless broadband. In this type, the internet service is provided by the mobile companies. Using this wireless broadband internet, all the users can access the internet efficiently and effectively. These services help all the users to gather their information proficiently.

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